The dos commands are classified into two types.
1. Internal commands.
cls, date , time, dir, copycon , md, cd, rd, copy, path, ren
del, prompt, vol, type, ver, etc..
2. External commands.
format,unformat,attrib, chkdsk, backup, restore,fdisk,diskcopy, edit,
label, scandisk, nove,more, fc, sort, deltree, undelete
Internal commands
Built-in the file called command.com. So the command.com file works as an interpreter as well as contains all the internal commands.
e.g. Date, Time, Cls, Dir etc....
Date:
- To display the system date and allows the user to change the system date.
- mm-dd-yy(month,date and year in 2 digits)
ex:
c:\date
current date is:10-23-11
enter new date :
Time:
=> To display the system time and allowes the user to change the system time.
The format is
hh:mm:ss:ms a/p(hours:minutes:seconds:microseconds am/pm)
ex:
c:\time
current time is: 7:00:05.50p
enter new time:
Clearscreen:
To clear the content or text in the screen cls command is used.
ex:
c:\cls
Directory:
we can display the list of all the files using dir command. dir is nothing to display all the files and sub-directories.
c:\dir
example
dir/p => it will continue with the next set of files after any key is pressed.
dir/w => it will be display in coloumn wise
dir/on ----- the files are sorted according to the name of files,in ascending order
dir/o-n ------ desending order
dir/oe --- files are sorted according to the extension of file.
dir/od --- files are sorted according to the date &time of creation.recently created file will come first.
dir/os--- files are sorted according to the size of file.smallest file will come first
dir/o-s ----- files are sorted according to the size of file.largest file will come first
dir/l --- file names are displayed in lower case letters.
dir/b --- bare output. only file names
dir/s --- display all the files and subdirectories recursively.
Wild card symbols
* refers muliple character.
? refers to a single character.
example
dir a*.* ==> display all the files with "a" and can have any extension.
dir *.txt ==> display all the files with extension .txt.
md:-(make directory)
we can create subdirectory into the main directory or into some other dirctory.
cd(change directory)
we can change the current working directory to some other directory.
example
c:\>md projects
c:\>cd projects
c:\projects>
copy con
This command is used to create a new file.whetever we have typed into the terminal is copied into the file name we have specified.
ex:
c:\copy con myfile
I want to learn MS DOS
^z
1 file(s) copied
Type
The type command is used to display all the contents of a file that has been already created
ex:
c:\projects>type myfile
I want to learn MS DOS
delete
If you want to delete or erase a file we can use delete or erase command.
ex:
c:\>del projects
copy
We can copy the text of a file into another.like a carbon copy of a document we can make duplication copy.
syntax:
copy old file name new file name
example
c:\copy myfile newfile
rename
we can rename the existing file using the rename or ren command.
syntax:
ren old file name new file name
example
c:\ren myfile file1
LABEL & VOL:
You can change the volume label by using 'LABEL' this command. VOL command displays the current volume name and serial number.
>label
Deleting directory / folder
To remove a directory, it should be empty.
syntax
RD[Path]<Directory name>
example: c:\rd myfolder